How can advances in electrochemical CO₂ conversion improve scalability of carbon-to-fuel technologies while minimizing energy demand and byproduct formation?

 As a specialist in CO₂ reduction, my work focuses on advancing pathways that move beyond capture and storage toward scalable, value-added solutions. Current approaches including mineralization, electrochemical conversion, and bio-catalytic processes show potential but face challenges of efficiency, energy demand, and long-term stability. A critical next step is identifying how chemical, mineral, or catalytic enhancements can accelerate these processes while maintaining sustainability and cost-effectiveness. From your perspective, which CO₂ reduction strategies hold the greatest promise for balancing scalability, efficiency, and environmental integrity?